日本夜爽爽一区二区三区

   生產(chan)和(he)生活最常見的鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)通過化學反(fan)應儲藏(zang)起來，到另一個場合或另一時段(duan)使(shi)用(yong)。鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)雖(sui)(sui)然(ran)造價(jia)較低，但(dan)也有相應的弱(ruo)點(dian)，諸如能(neng)(neng)量轉換效率較低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)反(fan)復(fu)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)易老化導致使(shi)用(yong)壽命短、比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量（Wh/kg）和(he)比(bi)功(gong)率（W/kg）小使(shi)設備笨重、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長等；現在我們在手機上使(shi)用(yong)的鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，雖(sui)(sui)然(ran)也有許多優點(dian)，但(dan)它(ta)價(jia)格昂(ang)貴且儲藏(zang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)有限，不能(neng)(neng)在大功(gong)率場合下使(shi)用(yong)；所(suo)以正在開(kai)發研(yan)制(zhi)的超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，相比(bi)較而言(yan)，就有著一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)無可(ke)比(bi)擬的優點(dian)，它(ta)的前景不可(ke)限量。

    結構

    超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比通常(chang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)大(da)得多。由于(yu)其(qi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)很(hen)大(da)，對外表現和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相同，因此也稱作“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”或說“黃(huang)金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也屬于(yu)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi),它是目前世界上已投入量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)產的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)中容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最大(da)的(de)一(yi)(yi)種,其(qi)基本原(yuan)理和(he)其(qi)它種類的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)一(yi)(yi)樣,都是利用活性炭多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質組成的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層結(jie)構(gou)獲得超大(da)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。

    傳統物(wu)理電(dian)(dian)容中儲存(cun)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)來(lai)源于電(dian)(dian)荷在(zai)兩塊極(ji)板上的(de)(de)分離(li),兩塊極(ji)板之間為(wei)真空(相對介電(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)1)或一層介電(dian)(dian)物(wu)質(相對介電(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)ε)所隔離(li),電(dian)(dian)容值(zhi)為(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中A為(wei)極(ji)板面積,d為(wei)介質厚度(du)。所儲存(cun)的(de)(de)能(neng)量為(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中C為(wei)電(dian)(dian)容值(zhi),ΔV為(wei)極(ji)板間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓降.可見,若想獲得較大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容量,儲存(cun)更(geng)多的(de)(de)能(neng)量,必(bi)須增大面積A或減少介質厚度(du)d，但(dan)這個伸縮空間有限，導致它的(de)(de)儲電(dian)(dian)量和儲能(neng)量較小。

    工(gong)作原理

    雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器中,采用活性(xing)炭材料(liao)(liao)制作成(cheng)多孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),同時(shi)(shi)在相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳多孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之間充填電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)液,當在兩(liang)端施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi),相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上分(fen)別聚集(ji)正(zheng)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子,而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)液中的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)離子將由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用分(fen)別聚集(ji)到(dao)與正(zheng)負(fu)極(ji)板相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)上,從而(er)(er)形成(cheng)兩(liang)個集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng),相(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器串聯,由(you)于(yu)活性(xing)碳材料(liao)(liao)具有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)(de)超高(gao)比表面(mian)積(即獲得了(le)極(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)面(mian)積A),而(er)(er)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液與多孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)距離不到(dao)1nm(即獲得了(le)極(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)介質(zhi)厚度d),根據前面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計算公式可(ke)以看(kan)出,這種雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器比傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)值要大(da)(da)很多,比容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量可(ke)以提(ti)高(gao)100倍(bei)以上, 從而(er)(er)使(shi)(shi)單位重量的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量可(ke)達(da)100F/g，并且電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻還能保持(chi)在很低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平，碳材料(liao)(liao)還具有成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)，技術成(cheng)熟等優點。從而(er)(er)使(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器進(jin)行大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲能成(cheng)為(wei)可(ke)能，且在實(shi)際使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)以通過串聯或者并聯以提(ti)高(gao)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。